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Yonahlossee salamander
The Yonahlossee salamander (''Plethodon yonahlossee'') is a particularly large woodland salamander from the southern Appalachian Mountains in the United States. The species is a member of the family Plethodontidae which is characterized by being lungless and reproductive direct development. ''Plethodon yonahlossee'' was first described in 1917 by E.R Dunn on a collection site on Grandfather Mountain in North Carolina.〔Behler, John L. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979. Print.〕 The common and specific name is of Native American origin, meaning “trail of the bear”. It is derived from Yonahlossee Road northeast of Linville, where the specimen was first described.〔Lannoo, Michael J. Amphibian Declines: the Conservation Status of United States Species. Berkeley: University of California, 2005. 856-857. Print.〕
==Description==
''Plethodon yonahlossee'' is a large Southern Appalachian woodland salamander typically differentiated by its large size and its distinctive rust colored dorsum. As with all other members of the genus, ''Plethodon yonahlossee'' are lungless, direct developers meaning there is no larval stage; instead the young hatch into miniature adults, and fully metamorphosed adult individuals are characterized by a nasolabial groove that aids in chemoreception.〔 The yonahlossee’s back has a black base color and is covered by reddish-brown to red blotches depending on age. Typically juveniles are more spotted while in older individuals the reddish blotches come together to form a wide band spanning the length of its back. The sides of the body are covered with grey to white blotching, and the dorsal part of the head is all black. The belly and throat are both pigmented but sometimes have a similar blotched pattern as the back.〔Hammerson, G. 2004. (''Plethodon yonahlossee''. ) In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. Downloaded on 02 June 2013.〕 ''Plethodon yonahlossee'' is the largest member of the family Plethodontidae in North America. Females are significantly larger than males. The typical adult length is between 11 and 22 centimeters. Typically the yonahlossee has 15 to 16 costal grooves.〔
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